cold.fyi / How a City Works / The toolbox

Section 21 of 26 · about 1 min read · updated October 2026

21The toolbox

The short version: Two calculators for questions people ask about their own building and their own bin: how much water pressure is left by the time it reaches your floor, and how much trash a household makes in a year by the US average. They use the rules of thumb and national figures cited in this guide; your building engineer and your city have the real numbers.

Back of the envelope

Two calculators

Water pressure by floor

0.433 psi per foot, 35 psi minimum and 80 psi maximum from PHCP Pros; ignores pipe friction

A household's trash, by the US average

4.9 lb per person per day and the 2018 split, from EPA
Rules of thumb for curiosity and conversation. Building engineers, utilities and your city have the real numbers.

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